he long-existing Kafala system has again made headlines during the COVID-19 pandemic. A traditional system that provided protection and hospitality during the early 1900s, this is now a system of emotional distress because it has facilitated unfair treatment and increased wage theft for hardworking migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) during COVID-19. Therefore, this research investigated the issues such as the Kafala system and wage theft faced by Indian migrant worke…