Crime risk prediction and predictive policing can lead to safer communities, by focusing on crime hotspots. Yet predictive tools should be reliable, and their outputs should be valid, especially across diverse cultures. Machine learning methods in policing systems are topical as they seem to be causing unintended consequences that exacerbate social injustice. Research into machine learning algorithm bias is prevalent, but bias, as it relates to predictive policing, is limited. In this…